Entrepreneurial actions are based on certain principles and prevailing decision-making logic. Effectual and causal reasoning are considered to be among the essential tools explaining the entrepreneurial strategy and outcomes. The present research explores the link between the applied effectuation principles, gender of the leader and SMEs financial and innovative functioning.

In this paper we focus on estimating the gender difference in wages using data from the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) conducted in Belarus in 2017. The results show that the average gender wage differential amounts to 22.6%. We use quantile regressions to look at difference in returns at various earnings deciles and then the Oaxaca-Blinder and Juhn-Murphy-Pierce decomposition techniques to define the components that form the wage gap. We find that the adjusted gender pay gap is mostly formed by the difference in rewards rather than personal characteristics. The gap increases throughout the wage distribution and accelerates at the top deciles indicating presence of a strong glass ceiling effect

There is a paucity of knowledge on research commercialization by university scientists worldwide. The objective of this paper is to identify the role that Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) and direct Industrial Funding play in university research commercialization in transition economies of Azerbaijan, Belarus and Kazakhstan during 2015–2017.

A chapter by Kateryna Bornukova and Igor Livshits titled The Impact of the Russian crisis on the Belarusian economy: the trade channel is published in a book The Russian Economy under Putin edited by Torbjörn Becker and Susanne Oxenstierna.

We present new causal estimates of firm-value benefits generated by political connections. Our identification strategy uses sudden deaths of U.S. Representatives and Senators as a source of exogenous variation.

This article is based on a panel discussion on the future of transition countries 25 years after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. All the contributors have long professional and personal experience of various aspects of the transition process so far and provide different perspectives on what to expect for the region in the future.