Evolution of Technology Transfer in Belarus: Two Parallel Dimensions in a Post-Soviet Country

This paper explores the development of knowledge and technology transfer policies in Belarus during the post-Soviet period. Based on the literature and data analysis, we discuss important patterns of knowledge and technology transfer processes. Our findings demonstrate that state interventions in science and technology have had a marginal effect on private enterprises’ innovative performance but have supported large state-owned enterprises in preserving their manufacturing potential. In this regard, one of the most relevant implications for policymakers in the field of science, technology, and innovation is that the policy and its enforcement should encourage state research organizations and private enterprises and support infrastructure to collaborate, creating a synergy for innovation ecosystem development.